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Enable and inspect unified GC logs for pause duration, cause, heap before/after, promotion, and allocation behavior. Correlate with request latency and container memory. A large live set, allocation bursts, humongous objects, or memory pressure can imply different fixes; tune collector flags only after identifying which resource or workload pattern drives the pauses.

High allocation can cause frequent collections while post-GC occupancy remains broadly stable. A leak tends to retain objects that should have become unreachable, so compare heap dumps and dominator paths across time. Check allocation rate, live set, GC logs, and process/container memory together before changing heap settings.

Start tracemalloc before the workload, take snapshots at comparable points, and compare line-level allocation differences. It tracks Python-managed allocations, not every native allocation from extensions or system libraries. Correlate it with RSS and object-retention behavior; growing allocation totals do not alone prove a leak if objects are later freed.

Cancellation is delivered at an await point. Use finally blocks or async context managers to close resources, then re-raise CancelledError unless there is a deliberate reason to suppress it. A blocking synchronous call may not respond promptly, so keep the event loop cooperative and bound background work.

Unlike TCP, UDP does not establish a transport connection before sending a datagram. A missing response can mean filtering, packet loss, an invalid request, or an application that does not reply. Use a valid protocol-level health check and capture at sender and receiver when diagnosing the path.

OutOfMemoryError identifies an allocation resource that could not be satisfied, such as Java heap, metaspace, direct buffers, or native threads. StackOverflowError usually indicates an excessively deep call chain or runaway recursion in one thread. Read the exact message, capture JVM and container metrics, and use a heap dump or thread stack evidence before changing memory flags.