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Measure elapsed time locally with nanoTime and give each stage only the shared budget remaining. Expiry stops admission of more work; it does not prove a remote write was cancelled.

Use bounded connection pools, semaphores or worker queues, request deadlines, and deliberate overload responses. Local limits must account for replica count because each replica has its own pool. Avoid unbounded in-memory tasks and retries that amplify load during an incident.

CompletableFuture represents a value that may complete later, with dependent stages triggered on completion. Async methods without an explicit executor commonly use a shared pool; blocking calls there can starve unrelated work. Prefer non-blocking composition, choose an executor suited to the task, set timeouts, and observe exceptional completion rather than calling join() throughout request paths.